why was henry vii called the winter king

Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. Henry VIII was the first English king to be called "Your Majesty.". Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . 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Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. Historians debate the extent of Henry's rapacity. This definitely was not that. Detailed Information. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. Henry VII ruled from 1485-1509 and had a dubious claim on the throne, spending most of his time before the famous Battle of Bosworth Field in exile and gaining credibility from his marriage to Elizabeth of York. Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Early life The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. [53] Later on, Henry had exchanged letters with Pope Julius II in 1507, in which he encouraged him to establish peace among Christian realms, and to organise an expedition against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. He created the Tudor dynasty. There were some sections I had to skim because I didn't feel they were relevant to the storyline, but mostly I was hooked into this very complex King. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. After the Holy Roman Emperor . The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. His younger brother, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, undertook to protect Edmund's widow Margaret, who was 13 years old when she gave birth to Henry. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. [36] However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. [24][17][25] He was 29 years old, she was 20. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Overblown prose trumpeting his reign seemed to be the order of the day. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. What old December's bareness every where! Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. Alison Weir points out that the Rennes ceremony, two years earlier, was plausible only if Henry and his supporters were certain that the Princes were already dead. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent.

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