a. << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 403 >> c. Describe two different ways by which interest groups support the fundamental goal of political parties in the political process. First Amendment (religion)
5 components: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition
2 parts of freedom of religion: establishment clause (�wall of separation� principle) and free exercise clause (no one may interfere with one�s right to practice religion of choice).
Those who do are generally affluent. Television and radio, as compared with print media. More representative of and responsive to the public/direct election to two-year terms. (1 Attorney General, 14 Secretaries). x�c```��,z�P f�!�FV��l�;�k���Y�g*`ɕ�&��P*�YѧD�;9�[���B�V�Su{K��:R4�ZV� )��q�d�:� ˬ��n�4�Zג��$ɕ�P+�u@�H20sҼ@,vf?��7@L`=��a&S%�������
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� ��@� Describe two differences between House and Senate rules that may make it likely that legislation may pass in one chamber but not in the other. Principles Drawn from Released MC�s and FRQ�s (UNIT II- Political Beliefs and Behaviors)
The voter turnout rate in the United States is usually lower than Western democracies
The higher one�s socioeconomic status, the greater the probability of active involvement in the political process. Explain two reasons why Congress gives federal agencies policy-making discretion in executing federal laws. Some have argued that the legislature may make �no law� bridging freedom of speech or the press, there has been at least 4 forms of speaking and writing not automatically granted full protection:
Libel
Obscenity
Symbolic speech
False advertising
Speech is limited if it presents a �clear and present danger.�
Permissible to advocate the violent overthrow of government in abstract, but not to incite anyone to imminent lawless action
Speech is generally protected in public places, but usually not on another�s private property
Obscenity: The SC has made it clear that nudity and sex are not, by definition, obscene, and that they will provide First Amendment protection to anything that has political, literary, or artistic merit, allowing the government to punish only the distribution of �hard-core pornography�
Decisions on obscenity are based on local community standards. b) Explain two advantages of each form of participation you identified in (a). Issue specialists. Know: Pluralists, Hyperpluralists (sub governments or iron triangles composed of interest groups, bureaucracies, and committees of Congress), and Elite Theories of Interest Groups
Methods: Lobbying, Campaign Contributions, Litigation, Grassroots Campaigns (to mobilize public opinion), voter guides that offer voting advice, endorsement of specific candidates, amicus curiae briefs (�friend of the court�). This change has been attributed both to how the media cover presidential campaigns and to how candidates use the media. Olivia Thompson Period 2Z AP Government – Study Guide Unit #4 “Linkage Institutions” Political Parties/Interest Groups & Media 1. Congress in Action (Powers of Congress)
Debate of a bill in the House of Representatives under a �closed rule� means that amendments to the bill may not be offered. Group of persons chosen in each state and the district of columbia every four years who make a formal selection of the president and vice president, All of the people entitled to vote in a given election, Theory that upper class elites exercise great influence over public policy. (Congress/national govt.)
This explains why expanding suffrage has not increased voter turnout over time. Takes place over one�s entire life with family being the most important influence. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Mandatory spending
Party polarization
Lame-duck period
Using the information in the figure above and your knowledge of United States policies, complete the following tasks. Identify one feature of one of the following and explain how that feature has presented obstacles to racial minority groups in their efforts to achieve political goals. a.
Which are currently the most common and important? a) Describe the winner-take-all feature of the Electoral College. The Freedom of Information Act was designed primarily to give citizens access to information from the executive branch. Rules of each chamber independently influence the likelihood that legislation will pass in that chamber; legislation passed by one chamber is not always passed by another.
Engel v. Vitale (school prayer)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (state funding for private religious schools)
b. Americans have seen a significant decline in trust in their government since the 1950�s. lessens concern about undue influence of �fat cats�/buying of influence. The tendency of judges to interpret the Constitution according to their own views illustrates the term judicial activism
The Supreme Court is insulated from public opinion by:
Appointed but not elected. The Informal Process of Constitutional Change
Judicial Interpretation
Marbury v. Madison (1803): judicial review
Changing Political Practice
Technology
Increasing Demands on Policymakers
Our nation has become more democratic over time through formal and informal amendments
Example: in areas of significant linguistic minorities, voting materials must be made available in the preferred language of the population. When James Madison proposed a new constitution, he tried to balance the need for "proper energy" in government with a clear limitation on government power as well. Search. In the 1970s, the League managed to get 7 of 12 politicians on its list voted out of office during the uproar over the burning of the Cuyahoga River, American Association of Retired Persons; Nationwide organization for people over 50 that offers discount drug purchases, health & auto insurance, publications, & other activities.
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