[26], Another significant general from Massachusetts, Maj. Gen. Edwin Vose Sumner, born in 1797, was the oldest general officer with a field command on either side of the war. Once hostilities began, Massachusetts supported the war effort in several significant ways, sending 159,165 men to serve in the Union Army and the Union Navy for the loyal North. The city was soon surrounded by American militia from several states led by General Artemas Ward.
Henry Whitney Bellows, founder of the United States Sanitary Commission, and independent nurse Clara Barton, future founder of the American Red Cross. The Boston Irish community refused to take part in the tributes and memorials to Brown because they saw his raid as an act of terrorism and they opposed abolitionism out of fear that freeing the slaves would cause economic instability and an increase in job competition. The Sanitary Commission, established by President Lincoln on June 13, 1861, provided nurses (mostly female) with medical supplies and organized hospital ships and soldiers' homes.
Henry Whitney Bellows determined to take a different approach, establishing a civilian organization of nurses separate from the U.S. Army. The Civil War Round Table of Greater Boston has been working with The Reenacting Community, The Historical Societies of this Commonwealth, and with all Veterans and Military Organizations, in order to promote and preserve our American History.
Federal marshals promptly detained and questioned Edwin in Boston. Due to their connection to Brown, Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe and George Luther Stearns and several other Boston residents suddenly left town after Brown’s execution and temporarily fled to Canada to avoid arrest. If so, it deserves to live. Flags and decorations were raised all over the city, live musical performances entertained the large celebratory crowds gathered in the streets, church bells rang across the city and Governor Andrew ordered a one-hundred gun salute on Boston Common and fireworks lit up the sky that night.
Black citizens gathered at a Baptist church and pledge to fight for the Union if the ban on black soldiers was lifted. In May 1862, he was completely out-generaled by Stonewall Jackson and forced to abandon the Shenandoah Valley. Around this time, Governor Andrew also began preparing the state’s coastal defenses. By late afternoon, the crowd had grown and the local police barricaded themselves in the police station to protect themselves. [10], The dominant political figure in Massachusetts during the war was 25th Governor John Albion Andrew a staunch Republican who energetically supported the war effort. Conceived by composer Patrick Gilmore, who had served in an army band, the celebration was held in a colossal arena in Boston's Back Bay neighborhood designed to hold 100,000 attendees and specifically built for the occasion.
[28], The advanced state of industrialization in the North, as compared with the Confederate states, was a major factor in the victory of Union armies. Boston was the Hub of Abolitionism: anti-slavery Bostonians, inspired by the legacy of liberty of the American Revolution, were determined to honor and extend that legacy to include freedom for slaves. In a chilling foreshadowing of what was to come, it was later reported in the Boston Evening Transcript that while in Boston, John Wilkes Booth visited a local firing range to practice shooting his pistol: “[A man named] Borland…stated that he saw Booth after he came to Boston, and was in company with him at Edwards’ shooting gallery [presumably Roland Edwards’ Pistol Gallery at 4 Green Street], where Booth practiced pistol firing in various difficult ways such as between his legs, over his shoulder and under his arms.”.
These included Dorothea Dix, who had traveled across the nation working to promote proper care for the poor and insane before the war. William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879), of Boston began publishing the antislavery newspaper The Liberator and founded the New England Anti-Slavery Societyin 1831, becoming one of th…
To make matters more complicated, a number of prominent Boston businessmen were implicated in Brown’s failed raid because they had sent Brown money and supplies for his cause. Bellows was the founder of the United States Sanitary Commission and served as its only president. It was the largest musical gathering on the continent up to that time. According to historian Eric Foner, Massachusetts state legislators passed the first comprehensive integration law in the nation's history in 1865. Across the nation, organizations such as the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) were established to provide aid to veterans, widows and orphans. There, Governor Andrew awarded them their regimental flag and as well as an Irish flag of green silk and gave the following speech praising the regiment and its commander for their patriotism: “Mr. Recruiting offices were opened in virtually every town and, over the course of 1861, recruits from Massachusetts surpassed the quotas. Address: 24 Beacon Street, at the edge of the Boston Common, Boston, Mass, Soldiers and Sailors Memorial: [5] Garrison and his uncompromising rhetoric provoked a backlash both in the North and South and escalated regional tension prior to the war. [36] Despite such obstacles, Dix was successful at placing female nurses in hospitals throughout the North. Macnamara, Daniel George. [33] These included the City Point Works, managed by Harrison Loring, and the Atlantic Iron Works, managed by Nelson Curtis, two Boston companies that produced Passaic class monitors during the war. When the Confederate army surrendered on April 10, 1865, the celebrations in Boston continued. Rebecca Beatrice Brooks is the author and publisher of the History of Massachusetts Blog. These men were a part of three companies of the Massachusetts 8th Regiment that arrived in Boston on April 16 and marched to Faneuil Hall in the middle of a storm. Many leaders of nursing and soldiers' aid organizations hailed from Massachusetts, including Dorothea Dix, founder of the Army Nurses Bureau, the Rev. The unit was the second African-American regiment, following the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry Regiment, organized in the northern states during the Civil War. [44] The group most affected by this political shift was the growing Boston Irish community, who had backed the Democratic Party and were without significant political voice for decades. This prompted Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina to later attack Senator Sumner on the Senate floor, severely beating him over the head and shoulders with a cane. [6], By the late 1850s, the antislavery Republican Party became the dominant political organization in several northeastern states.
Not every Boston resident sympathized with Brown though. Authorized by the Emancipation Proclamation, the regiment consisted of African-American enlisted … Inspecting the 6th Massachusetts on April 24, Lincoln told the soldiers, "I don't believe there is any North...You are the only Northern realities. Born in Hadley, Massachusetts and a graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point, he served in the Regular Army during the Mexican–American War. In fact, five men in the “Secret Six,” which was a group of wealthy men who financed Brown’s activities, were prominent Massachusetts citizens. By the end of the war, nearly 1.5 million had been produced by the armory and its numerous contractors across the country.
To you and all your soldiers, from all the inhabitants of this land today begins an indebtedness which it will take long to discharge, and by future generations will you be remembered. Following that battle, he was placed in command of the V Corps and then the Center Grand Division of the Army of the Potomac, consisting of the III and V Corps. Amos A. Lawrence, William Appleton, and Edward Atkinson, investors of the Boston Manufacturing Company that founded the Lowell Mills and kick started the Industrial Revolution in Massachusetts, had sent Brown guns and money during his earlier abolitionist activities in Kansas.
[15] Lincoln awaited the arrival of additional regiments, but none arrived for several days.
Following the Battle of Fredericksburg, he resigned his command in January 1863 and was to be transferred to command the Department of the Missouri, but died of a heart attack en route on March 21, 1863. On April 17, Booth was allowed to return home to New York to join his family. On July 7, 1862, Andrew instituted a system whereby recruitment quotas were issued to every city and town in proportion to their population. "[17], As the initial rush of enthusiasm subsided, the state government faced the ongoing task of recruiting tens of thousands of soldiers to fill federal quotas. [22] Transferred to the Department of the Cumberland, he commanded the XI and XII Corps during several western campaigns and distinguished himself during the Battle of Lookout Mountain. Wilson, Susan. Massachusetts was the first state to organize a statewide Woman's Relief Corps, a female auxiliary organization of the GAR, in 1879. When the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society tried to hold their annual meeting at Tremont Temple on January 24, 1861, it was once again overrun by a mob of Boston Irish and was eventually shut down by Boston Mayor Wrightmen when an anonymous death threat was made against Wendell Phillips. The men Booth met at the hotel were reportedly either Confederate secret agents or Confederate sympathizers who were working with Booth on plans to kidnap President Lincoln and exchange him for Confederate POWs. In July 1861, Banks came to command the Department of the Shenandoah. Hill fled but Howe was beaten before being rescued by a police officer who brought him to a nearby store for safety. The effects of the Civil War were felt in Boston since the very beginning, starting with abolitionist John Brown’s failed raid on Harper’s Ferry in October of 1859. The 6th Massachusetts was also the first volunteer regiment to reach Washington, D.C. in response to Lincoln's call for troops. The next day, several companies of the 8th Massachusetts Volunteer Militia from Marblehead, Massachusetts were the first to report in Boston;[14] by the end of the day, three regiments were ready to start for Washington.
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