[citation needed], The office of consul was the most prestigious of all of the offices on the cursus honorum, and represented the summit of a successful career. An additional task of all quaestors was the supervision of public games. Each step on the Cursus Honorum was required before you could advance to the next step. Each step on the Cursus Honorum was required before you could advance to the next step. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Unlike the modern world, you couldn’t just jump to … Unlike every other position I just listed, the term of office was for life.Julius Caesar was famously elected Pontifex Maximus in 63 BC, beating out several other far more experienced candidates.You might also note that Pontifex Maximus sounds very familiar. Most importantly, if you had imperium, you were held immune from prosecution for the entire time you had imperium. Censors could also remove unworthy members from the Senate. Censors could, however, confirm a princeps senatus for a period of another five years. The sequential order of public offices held by politicians in Ancient Rome, ⪠Classics in the Classroom: Cursus Honorum, ⪠Cursus Honorum - Encyclopedia Hermetica: A Big History (Part 41), ⪠Cursus Honorum I Die Ãmterlaufbahn der Römischen Republik, ⪠Cursus Honorum - Ancient Roman Terms, For the military career track for equestrians, see, Cursus Honorum as during Julius Caesar's career (1st century BC).
That's it. To become a Praetor you must have served as a quaestor and be 39 years of age. Like Praetors, Consuls also had imperium, but they were awarded 12 lictors instead of just 6. The Censor didn’t hold much power, but the power they did have couldn’t be vetoed by someone else other than another Censor. 100 of my best photos taken from around the world. [citation needed]. Moreover, they took charge of Rome's water and food supplies; in their capacity as market superintendents, they served sometimes as judges in mercantile affairs. To be a consul you had to have served as a Praetor and must be 42 years of age. In the mid-to-late Republic, however, plebeians were often just as, and sometimes more, wealthy and powerful than patricians. The cursus honorum (Latin: "course of offices") was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire.It was designed for men of senatorial rank. The final position was that of Pontifex Maximus. [citation needed], The elections for Curule Aedile were at first alternated between Patricians and Plebeians, until late in the 2nd century BC, when the practice was abandoned and both classes became free to run during all years. It was only open to plebeians and upper class patricians were ineligible.The position was so important that some patricians renounced their patrician status just so they could run. The Pontifex Maximus was the supreme priest in the Roman religion and was an elected position. The first was the Praetor Peregrinus, who was the chief judge in trials involving one or more foreigners. The Cursus Honorum or “course of offices” was the “greasy pole” of the Roman political world. [citation needed], While part of the cursus honorum, this step was optional and not required to hold future offices. The censors took a regular census of the people and then apportioned the citizens into voting classes on the basis of income and tribal affiliation. Many layers of social and religious traditions dictated how Roman society functioned. Such cases prompted laws to regulate the senatorial cursus: iteration in the same magistracy was prohibited, the praetorship was made a prerequisite for the consulship, and…, …offices, as in the expression cursus honorum, the course or career of a Roman magistrate from lesser functions toward the consulate. To become an aedile, you first had to have served as a Quaestor and must have reached the age of 36. [citation needed], These rules were altered and flagrantly ignored in the course of the last century of the Republic. The aediles had administrative responsibilities in Rome.
The number of praetors elected varied through history, generally increasing with time. These offices were a mixture of military and political administration posts. [citation needed], Twenty quaestors served in the financial administration at Rome or as second-in-command to a governor in the provinces.
Praetors mostly served as judges. After a term as praetor, the magistrate would serve as a provincial governor with the title of propraetor, wielding propraetor imperium, commanding the province's legions, and possessing ultimate authority within his province(s). Cicero expressed extreme pride not only in being a novus homo ("new man"; comparable to a "self-made man") who became consul even though none of his ancestors had ever served as a consul, but also in having become consul "in his year".[2][3]. It was possible to run for Consul again 10 years after you served.The final step on the Cursus Honorum was the rank of Censor.
The Cursus Honorum was the basis of political and social life in ancient Rome, and the fortunes of entire families could rise and fall based on how high someone could climb. Hosting games and festivals was a great way to get your name known by the populace. The Dictator was the sole magistrate under the Republic that was truly independent in discharging his duties. Learn more about the Roman political ladder on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Also, next time you watch the State of the Union Address, you will notice two fasces on on the columns behind the speaker’s podium. The closest modern analogy I can think of is that the Aediles were like the mayors of the city of Rome. This was an extremely important position. [citation needed]. [citation needed], Censors also had financial duties, in that they had to put out to tender projects that were to be financed by the state. This later changed, and both Plebeians and Patricians could stand for Curule Aedileship. [1], To have held each office at the youngest possible age (suo anno, "in his own year") was considered a great political success. It spelled out the sequential order of offices that were held by aspiring Roman politicians. Since the Dictator exercised his own authority, he did not suffer this limitation, which was the cornerstone of the office's power. It was designed for men of senatorial rank. After serving a year, Praetors would be assigned a position as Propraetor, which would usually mean commanding an army or a provincial governor. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. The princeps senatus served as the leader of the Senate and was chosen to serve a five-year term by each pair of Censors every five years. The magister equitum held Praetorian imperium, was attended by six lictors, and was charged with assisting the Dictator in managing the State. After the reforms of Gaius Marius in 107 BC, the six tribunes acted as staff officers for the legionary legatus and were appointed tasks and command of units of troops whenever the need arose. Imperium was the root of the word for emperor and empire. Their houses had to remain open for visitors even during the night, and they were not allowed to be more than a day's journey from Rome. I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Usually, your family would set you up with a general who was a member of your family or a friend of the family, and you would serve under him. Cursus honorum is the Latin term for the standard political career.
Aediles were responsible for public buildings, hosting public games and festivities, ensuring supplies of food and water, and keeping order. The princeps senatus was chosen from all Patricians who had served as a Consul, with former Censors usually holding the office. During the republic, six or eight were generally elected each year to serve judicial functions throughout Rome and other governmental responsibilities. Because the consul was the highest executive office within the Republic, they had the power to veto any action or proposal by any other magistrate, save that of the Tribune of the Plebs. He was consul seven times in all, also serving in 107 and 86. The Dictatorship was definitively abolished in 44 BC after the assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar (Lex Antonia). Therefore, the Aediles would have been in some cooperation with the current Censors, who had similar or related duties. The cursus honorum comprised a mixture of military and political administration posts. Consuls also exercised the highest juridical power in the Republic, being the only office with the power to override the decisions of the Praetor Urbanus. Only laws and the decrees of the Senate or the People's assembly limited their powers, and only the veto of a fellow consul or a tribune of the plebs could supersede their decisions. At the bottom of the Cursus Honorum is the position of Military Tribune. There were minimum intervals between holding successive offices and laws forbade repeating an office. All of the other offices were extensions of the Senate's executive authority and thus answerable to the Senate. Once the imperial period starts, most of the rules pretty much go out the window because the emperor could do whatever he wanted, but during the Republic, the rules were mostly held in place and taken seriously. That is because the same term is still used today as the Latin title for the Pope. The next rung was the position of Praetor. There was no one else who served alongside a dictator, nor could their decisions be vetoed by the Tribune of the Plebes. Each office had a minimum age for election. The dictator was the sole exception to the Roman legal principles of having multiple magistrates in the same office and being legally able to be held to answer for actions in office.
With that, let’s go through the list as it would have been during the Republican Period. Hence the word honour came to mean the respect, esteem, or deference paid to, or received by, a person in consideration of that individual’s character, worth, or position. [citation needed]. Because each governor held equal imperium to the equivalent magistrate, they were escorted by the same number of lictors (12) and could only be vetoed by a reigning Consul or Praetor. [citation needed], The dictator was the highest magistrate in degree of imperium and was attended by twenty-four lictors (as were the former Kings of Rome). First, Praetors were assigned six lictors. https://www.britannica.com/topic/cursus-honorum, ancient Rome: Citizenship and politics in the middle republic. This ability was lost during the dictatorship of Sulla. * Must meet Cursus as stated below. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. To install click the Add extension button. Congratulations on this excellent venture⦠what a great idea! This office, like the Tribune, did not own imperium, was not escorted by lictors, and could not wear the toga praetexta. The Cursus Honorum, which translates to the course of honor, was the path on which aristocrats climbed the ladder of success in ancient Rome.
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