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For example, verbs such as stare, gaze, view and peer can also be considered hyponyms of the verb look, which is their hypernym. /Length 3808 In logical terms we may say: If x is an A, then x is a B if A is a hyponym of B. Taxonomy stream
hyponym of fiauthorfl (and conversely fiauthorfl is a hypernym of fiShakespearefl), fidogfl is a hyponym of ficaninefl, fideskfl is a hyponym of fifurniturefl, and so on. Hypernym [singular] | Hypernyms [plural] Examples: ga
They could be observed from top to bottom, where the higher level is more general and the lower level is more specific. [4][5][6][7] A synonym of co-hyponym based on same tier (and not hyponymic) relation is allonym (it means different name).
%PDF-1.4 After that, clustering results are updated incrementally with projection models retrainedinaniterativemanner.Ineachiteration,weextractpreviouslyunseenis-arelations from a collection of unlabeled
In simpler terms, a hyponym is in a type-of relationship with its hypernym. We can place a hypernym and its hyponyms in a hierarchy, with the more general hypernym above (for example, fish) and the more specific hyponyms below (salmon, grouper, bass). As a hypernym can be understood as a more general word than its hyponym, the relation is used in semantic compression by generalization to reduce a level of specialization. Vocabulary Expansion(Exercises) Superordinates and Hyponyms 1. stream Hyponymy and Hierarchy. 0000001178 00000 n
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13. semantics (synonym, antonym, homonym, hyponym, polyseme, idioms) 1.
[12] This shows that compatibility may be relevant. stream
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Computer science often terms this relationship an "is-a" relationship. A new asymmetric similarity mea-sure and a combination approach are de-scribed, both of which signicantly im-prove precision. For instance, daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower.Also called a subtype or a subordinate term.The adjective is hyponymic.The term is pronounced "HI-po-nim" (with the emphasis on the first syllable), and its etymology from the Greek, "below" plus "name." 0000002465 00000 n
/PTEX.FileName (./final/34/34_Paper.pdf) [14], Horn called this "licensed polysemy", but found that autohyponyms also formed even when there is no other hyponym. [2] In simpler terms, a hyponym is in a type-of relationship with its hypernym. The second relation is said to be more discriminating and can be classified more specifically under the concept of taxonomy.[11]. }`9O7���:�����S����ϦuSp>��d���Ch93A�>���!�T�w�I�W�x �W�C�R�80�L�G�hLB�Q���ˍ���SGz��~A�F.M�җ��V�l��+���w^�J�gl04�Nz���&;��W A practical reason to prefer hyperonym is that hypernym is in its spoken form hard to distinguish from hyponym in most dialects of English. 3 0 obj
Both hyperonym and hypernym are in use in linguistics. /PTEX.PageNumber 1 /Resources 10 0 R 0000003248 00000 n
An English-to-Japanese translator presented with a phrase containing the English word brother would have to choose which Japanese word equivalent to use.
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For example, apple, peach and plum are co-hyponyms of fruit. /Parent 17 0 R
X is a hyponym of Y, and Y is a hyponym of Z, then 2 X is a hyponym of Z. /Length 352 Hypernyms and hyponyms are asymmetric. Co-hyponyms are often but not always related to one another by the relation of incompatibility. <>>>
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Hyponyms are words that are the specific examples of a general word, a ‘superordinate'. They can be compared with synonyms, which mean the same things, and antonyms, which mean opposite things. A hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is more specific than its hypernym. `����1K�V�lƏ'�m�U��+g��+|j���Yz����n��-�8�&�z:Bg�zd�+��[ ��N�I����R((2B�����}���=��DM,��K���������/�8��%�"_t�s�ܔ�0�����p
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However, an apple is not a peach, which is also not a plum. Yankee is autohyponymous because it is a hyponym (native of New England) and its hypernym (native of the United States), even though there is no other hyponym of Yankee (as native of the United States) that means "not a native of New England". �Ֆӈ�I�qQ�۩�=�{��7UW��*_�$t����D����
����@ I�2W�E�[�N���#���5�*�;�(��cӴ���{���#��hU��#$��'�ʣڗf�2��:���5�JgO��[c{ �$ G For instance, oak is a hyponym of tree, and dog is a hyponym of animal. 0000005156 00000 n
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Number of Pages: 52 Format: PDF Dimensions: 8.5 inch x 11 inch [Paper Size: Letter] What are “Hypernyms and Hyponyms”? We release three new datasets of lexical vector representations trained on the BNC and our evaluation dataset for hyponym generation. Hyponymy. The form hypernym takes the -o- of hyponym as a part of hypo in the same way as in the contrast between hypertension and hypotension. In other combinations with this stem, e.g. synonym, it is never elided. Meanings of hyponym A specific term used to designate a member of a class. 0000006993 00000 n
An easy way to visual this hierarchy is think of how animals are classified. 0000004548 00000 n
Hyponyms are words that are the specific examples of a general word, a ‘superordinate'. endobj
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�ΘtC Q�X�k �W���?o�u�R�2�W~.n��"V�Vƅ��Xh� N!��0�K��[�X�dюO7��\�[���2W���з� �����ZEL����M=�[ەe,�|�j3)���d���,�eވ�-�$WV�]@�(�&s�@�n��#���J�'ހ� ofک~��z a hyponym of ficaninefl, fideskfl is a hyponym of fifurniturefl, and so on. WJAR�Gċ�y�QUzRȳ- b6�Q2�@(�3��IKu��ƶzb?����Ο^_��$xb���)7��`�8��`r%8̩@�wԖ����$z�k���-���ih(m��8�І���+��K4:���O� &�l����IЭ
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An approach to the relationship between hyponyms and hypernyms is to view a hypernym as consisting of hyponyms. For instance, the word screwdriver used in the previous example refers to the tool for turning a screw, and not to the drink made with vodka and orange juice. Similarly, the verb to drink (a beverage) is a hypernym for to drink (an alcoholic beverage). [10], Under the relations of hyponymy and incompatibility, taxonomic hierarchical structures too can be formed. endstream
For example, fingers describe all digits on a hand, but the existence of the word thumb for the first finger means that fingers can also be used for "non-thumb digits on a hand". 0000002079 00000 n
A word can be both a hypernym and a hyponym: for example purple is a hyponym of colour but itself is a hypernym of the broad spectrum of shades of purple between the range of crimson and violet. 0000007699 00000 n
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�k8{^��,)���t-�I����K��J2W�ӂ�=g�� Semantics is the study of meaning that is used tounderstand human expression through language. 0000007015 00000 n
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