Using an ecosystem modeling approach to assess the management of a Mexican coastal lagoon system. Yáñez-Arancibia, A., and Pauly, D. this region is strategic in the national plans for social and economic development of Downstream from the Restricted Area, such effects are att, by the resilient capacity of the oceanic ecosystem as a whole, (plankton-zooplankton-benthos-nekton), and consequently the, oil disturbance signals mainly caused by low molecular- weight. In the light of this brief recounting of facts, events and decisions made at the outset of the oil-spill accident, an undeniable truth emerged from all this: in Campeche Sound there was a Biological Economy prior to this accident and a different one after the oil spill occurred. Zetina-Rejón, M., Arreguín-Sánchez, F., and Chávez, E. (2001). Licea, S., and Luna, R. (1999). Spatio-temporal variation of phytoplankton on the. (2009). These experts drew a series of important conclusions related to the total volume of crude oil released by the blowout, its fate and the weathering processes in the warm waters of the Gulf (>25.0°C); but more importantly, they offered the first evaluation of the acute effects of fossil hydrocarbons upon local fisheries and coastal environments adjacent to Ixtoc-I. Figure 1. The Galeta oil spill.
124–125, 139–151. (1972). Over 30 years ago it was not possible to say anything about a long-time period after the oil spill, because no information was available on deleterious, acute or chronic impacts; Thirty years after the Ixtoc-I oil spill, this demersal fish community's assessment, is at present, the “fingerprint” to evaluate and quantify future oil-spill impact in Campeche Sound. acute pollution effects that lasted nearly 9 months. “Características, composición y propiedades fisicoquímicas del petróleo,” in Golfo de México, Contaminación e Impacto Ambiental: Diagnóstico y Tendencias. However, at the PEMEX's offshore oil-extraction area, drastic changes in this index were recorded bimonthly, with no indication of an increase in the oil concentration, particularly at the most active platforms. Hazard.
These include definition of ecological regions, description of processes controlling primary productivity, wetland restoration and coastal fisheries, and an understanding that pulsing is a fundamental characteristic of coastal systems, that climate change must be taken into consideration in management, and that environmental sustainability and socioeconomic development are strongly related. The authors of this contribution, motivated by the current interest in finding out about the oil spills long-term effects in the marine ecosystem, offer their own views based on their experience by assessing the Ixtoc-I blowout from different perspectives. Phycol. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.12.010, The Gulf of Mexico Origin, Water, and Biota, V, 60, ed B. Kjerfve (Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, Caracterización Ambiental del Sistema Ecológico y, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies Special. and L. Bradley (London: Geological Society), 233–238. Since then, many changes have occurred in this area. (2004, 2011) and Zamudio-Resendis et al. assessment, fish-community. However, egg production from the spawned pool appears to be the main problem toward computing recruitment in tropical coastal demersal communities. Variación estacional del fitoplancton de la Bahía de Campeche, México (1971–1972). Ecosystem functioning: The basis for sustainable management of Terminos Lagoon, Campeche Mexico, Using an ecosystem modeling approach to assess the management of a Mexican coastal lagoon system, La sustentabilidad de las pesquerias en el Golfo de México, Coupling mechanisms related to benthic production in the SW Gulf of Mexico, Algunas características ecológicas del fitoplancton de la región central de la Bahía de Campeche, Hidrocarburos en el sur del Golfo de Mexico, Ixtoc I: A case study of the world's largest oil spill, Considerations for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management in the southern gulf of Mexico, Fish Community Ecology in Estuaries and Coastal Lagoons: Towards an Ecosystem Integration, Hydrothermal trophic web structure and organic carbon flux at the vent systems of the Southern Gulf of California (Pescadero and Alarcon Basins), Benthic Ecology Processes in the SW Gulf of Mexico, The environmental legacy of the Ixtoc-I oil spill in Campeche Sound, southwestern Gulf of Mexico, Numerical modeling of Offshore Oil Spill: weathering processes. 2010 rekindled our concern for the significant risk involved for human lives and the health emerged not only for the oil acute effects but also for the long-term environmental
These references in addition to the results on the abundance in fish numbers and biomass, correlated with diversity and abundance indices were enough information to establish that the oil spill impact was almost absent 30 years ago in the short-time period before and after the Ixtoc-I blowout.
26–28 de Febrero. They reported a significant decrease (local and seasonal) in biomass, primary productivity and diversity index. “Chemistry and natural weathering of various crude oil fractions from the Ixtoc-I oil spill,” in Proceedings Symposium Ixtoc-I Oil Spill (Key Biscayne, FL: U.S. Dept. Pesca, Gob. Seijo, J. C., Caddy, J. F., Arzápalo, W. W., and Cuevas-Jiménez, A. Photo taken from John Tunnell. More than 3.4 million of barrels of crude oil were liberated in an ecosystem formerly renowned for its pristine conditions.
trophic competition and predation in the juvenile stages, exist; (4) life cycles are short, often less than 1 year and recruitment, is often continuous in species with interspecific programming, among them. Yáñez-Arancibia, A., Lara-Domínguez, A. L., and Pauly, D. (1994).
Botello, A. V., Rendón von Osten, J., Gold-Bouchot, G., and Agraz-Hernández, C.
Coast. This was, conditions were attributed to low-mineralization rates and nutri-, ent limitation.
For instance, there were obvious evidence in the abundance and composition of the phytoplankton assemblages in the region Licea-Durán (1977), Licea et al.
Naturally, the new findings of high concentrations of total hydrocarbons in surficial sediments in both coastal and estuarine systems (Botello et al., 1991; Botello, 1996) fueled once more the controversy on the fate and toxicity of the Ixtoc-I oil spill vs. the chronic pollution caused by PEMEX's offshore operations in Campeche Sound. High biodiversity and population density of the fish community in a short period (1978–1982) including the Ixtoc-I oil spill (1979–1980) discussed by Yáñez-Arancibia (1985, 1986), are different and significantly lower in the contaminated coastal wetlands areas in the Gulf of Mexico 30 years later (Cowan et al., 2008; Baltz and Yáñez-Arancibia, 2013).
which results in sound sustainable management. : Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología. No significant changes in the percentage of oil, degraders were detected near the Arcas Reef, ing zone. Ixtoc I was an exploratory oil well being drilled by the semi-submersible drilling rig Sedco 135 in the Bay of Campeche of the Gulf of Mexico, about 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche in waters 50 m (164 ft) deep. The plan consists of establishing close-seasons to r, fishing mortality in an attempt to protect the reproductive stoc, and to promote early juvenile recruitment. 33:100. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Ever since the dreadful oil spill caused by the Ixtoc-I blowout in June 1979 in Campeche Sound, there has been a growing concern for the deleterious environmental effects upon a marine ecosystem, formerly known for its fairly pristine conditions prior to the rapid expansion of oil exploration and the extraction of fossil fuels in the area. This implies that the amount of fresh water, and terrigenous sediments discharged onto the continental shelf, area are related to the production of finfish and shellfish in, Therefore, any disturbance caused in either the coastal or marine, habitats can have serious repercussions on the population balance. Unfortunately, the accidental blowout of the most productive well (Ixtoc-I) in June of 1979, caused the first–world massive oil spill in a tropical marine environment. Chapter 5: 82–104, Zamudio-Resendis, M. E., Licea, S., and Luna, R. (2013). Informe de los Trabajos Realizados para el Control del Pozo Ixtoc-1, el Combate del Derrame de Petróleo y Determinación de sus Efectos sobre el Ambiente. In Campeche Sound there coexist three of the most important penaeid stocks exploited in the Gulf of Mexico: Farfantepenaeus aztecus (brown shrimp), F. duorarum (pink shrimp), and Litopenaeus setiferus (white shrimp).
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