Resources are grouped into descriptor sets that have an application-specified layout, and each shader can use several descriptor sets that can be bound individually. The loader ( vulkan-1.dll Set=2 descriptor set containing dynamic uniform buffer with per-draw data, such as world transform array. ↩, Depending on the GPU architecture it might also be beneficial to pass some of the indices, like material index or vertex data offset, via push constants to reduce the number of memory indirections in vertex/fragment shaders. It contains many great articles about rendering effects and design.

You can use provided CMake files, with the usage detailed below.

Looking for our DirectX®12 Tutorials and Samples? This is a similar problem to what Direct3D 11 titles would have, however in Direct3D 11 the drivers did a lot of work behind the scenes to try to hide the compilation latency, precompiling some shaders earlier and implementing custom schemes for patching bytecode on the fly that didn’t require a full recompilation.

Different pipeline objects may use different numbers of descriptors, which raises the question of pool configuration. If a particular set of state combinations wasn’t discovered during QA playthroughs, the system can still function correctly – at the expense of some amount of stuttering. Fortunately, this can be solved by a two-level cache scheme as follows: The cache would have two parts, the immutable part that never changes during the frame, and the mutable part. Render passes allow an application to specify a large part of their render frame as a first-class object, splitting the workload into individual sub-passes and explicitly enumerating dependencies between sub-passes to allow the driver to schedule the work and place appropriate synchronization commands. For this to work, the first subpass that renders to MSAA texture has to specify the MSAA texture via pColorAttachments, with VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE as the store op.

perfdoc - provides layers similar to validation layers, that analyze the stream of rendering command and identify potential performance problems on ARM GPUs, niagara - provides an example bindless renderer that follows some of the advice from this article (but not all of it!). instruction in the original vkCmdDraw Most barrier operations will lead to execution stalling for some stages6. Resetting the command pool may put all pages used by all command buffers into the pool free list; when VK_COMMAND_POOL_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT is used, the pages can be returned to the system so that other pools can reuse them. This process is time consuming; additionally, it can not be optimally threaded with a just-in-time compilation model – if the application only uses one thread for command submission, this thread would typically also compile pipeline state objects; even with multiple threads, often multiple threads would request the same pipeline object, serializing compilation, or one thread would need several new pipeline objects, which increases the overall latency of submission since other threads would finish first and have no work to do.
Learn more. This makes sure that the compiled objects are reused between runs and minimizes the frame spikes during subsequent application runs.
Vulkan is a new explicit cross-platform graphics API.

In some cases, fixed function MSAA resolve is insufficient. Additionally, volk enables loading Vulkan entrypoints directly from the driver which can increase performance by …

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