Mizumura was attacked from both ends of the political spectrum. 16. 2. English is now the lingua franca of East Asia, an area that saw less occupation by European powers than did Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, or South Asia, and where—with a few exceptions such as Hong Kong, Vietnam, and the Philippines—the European colonizers left much less of a linguistic imprint. Discussion
8.
Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2009. 24. For Mizumura, the importance of a “universal language” lies in its ability to allow people speaking different vernaculars to pursue and accumulate advanced knowledge through a common language.
The danger is that young Japanese may not even bother to familiarize themselves with their own modern classics.
25.
Discussion of themes and cultural issues contained in the readings
22. The Routledge Concise History of World Literature.
9. The formation of Japan’s “national literature” thus coincided with Japan becoming a modernized nation and a major empire intent on extending its geographical and linguistic reach, much like its Western counterparts; while Japan managed to escape linguistic colonization by the United States and European powers, it forced others into an asymmetrical, hierarchical bilingualism that ended only with Japan’s defeat in World War II.
The original Japanese title means literally “when the Japanese language falls: in the age of English.” Largely because of the provocative title, which suggests the imminent demise of Japanese, it caused a furor and became an Internet sensation in which legions of bloggers gave their opinions, sometimes without even bothering to read the book. On the right she was criticized as anti-Japanese and anti-nationalist for implying that the Japanese language had weakened in the face of English. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. However, unlike the premodern period, when there were multiple “universal” (transnational, cosmopolitan) languages, or the modern period (late 19th and the first half of the 20th century for Japan), in which national languages and national literatures flourished, the present age has seen a single tongue become the one and only universal language.
John Cage’s Mycological Legacy: Green Mountain National Forest,... B-Sides: Mary Butts’s “Armed with Madness”, Hong Kong: “When We Burn You Will Burn With Us”. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006.
Post-colonialism
But now Chinese and Korean students rarely bother to study in Japan (having no need for Japanese as an intermediary); instead, they come to universities in the global metropole, the United States. 5. Objectives: It should be added that those “sacred languages,” like the “universal languages” of the modern period (such as French and then English), were closely linked to empire-building and were by no means limited to elite users.
Similarly, Pizer 2006 focuses on the theoretical reception and pedagogical institutionalization of Goethe’s notion of world literature. Pu sung-ling
As a field of inquiry, world literature continues to grow in response to the problems encountered by teachers, students, and readers in their daily contact with literature from around the world. Mizumura agrees with Anderson’s basic argument that national languages, the vernacular or local language employed by a nation-state, gave birth to national literatures, which in turn helped to build and solidify nation-states—the “imagined communities” for which millions of people have sacrificed their lives.4 She lauds Anderson for showing how the rise of “print capitalism” was an integral part of the process by which vernaculars (especially spoken, local languages) become national (written and printed) languages. 3.
These works are drawn from various national traditions, genres, and historical periods ranging from the pre-romantic to the post-modern. Pizer, John.
A reproduction of the original printing of Natsume Sōsekis 1914 novel Kokoro. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. 1. Types of Assignments: In the words of Jonathan Arac, globalization “opens up every local, national or regional culture to others and thereby produces ‘many worlds.’”1 However, this rapid pluralization is occurring in the age of English, when a single language has achieved a dominance hitherto unknown in world history. D’haen, Theo. As a result, the many worlds opened up by globalization are increasingly likely to be known through that single language alone.
For more information or to contact an Oxford Sales Representative click here. First, as an island nation off the coast of a major civilization, Japan was both geographically close to the regional “universal” language of the premodern and early modern periods (literary Chinese), yet far enough away from the yoke of the Chinese imperial examination system (which dominated the Korean peninsula) to establish its own literary tradition very early, in the 10th and 11th centuries, at least two centuries before the development of vernacular literatures in Europe. As Mizumura points out, the Japanese writing system repeatedly faced the danger of Europe-based phonocentricism, in which repeated attempts were made in the modern period (from the late 19th century) to flatten Japanese into a European-style language, to make the Japanese written language a phonetic one, either by romanizing its alphabet (as happened in Vietnam) or by expunging the large number of Chinese-derived graphs embedded in its writing system (as is now occurring with Korean).
In Mizumura’s view, the deterioration of modern Japanese literature has been occurring over an extended period of time, but with the acceleration of globalization and the increasing dominance of English, a healthy recovery of the Japanese literary past may become very difficult. Introduction to major works of imaginative literature by Western and Asian authors writings. Mizumura’s book met with fierce hostility in Japan when it first came out in 2008. Classification of literary works by period and genre
Each attempt to romanize Japanese was defeated, but the adaptation of a new orthographic system during the US occupation, which brought spoken and written Japanese into closer proximity, created a break between post-WWII Japanese writing and late 19th- and early 20th-century literature.
Essays
Gupta 2009 examines the roles of English studies, world literature studies, and translation policies in the collaboration between globalization scholars and literary scholars; it adds to the dialogue by focusing on the relation between globalization and literature. However, he downplays the subsequent impact of “sacred languages” by describing them as essentially religious and elite and thus “arcane,” in contrast to local vernacular languages, which for Anderson represent the masses. Brothers Grimm
In other words, the very notion of “world literature” that has emerged in English largely reflects the modern European notion of literature as imaginative narrative, with particular emphasis on the epic, the novel, and the short story. Historically, a prevalent way of thinking about world literature in the Western literary tradition was as the selection of masterpieces from around the world.
Why was Mizumura’s book translated into English? Trace the influence of one literature upon another. Identify major themes of representative poetic, fictional and dramatic works;
The imposition of Japanese as the national language on Taiwan and Korea was made possible in part because those countries were within the Sinosphere and already used Chinese graphs; the imposition also belonged to a larger imperial strategy that sometimes included banning English. Course topics will include the following:
Duras
Third, Japan escaped colonization at the peak of Western imperial expansion, avoiding a situation like that of the Philippines, which became an American colony where English thoroughly dominated the local language. As a global academic branch of studies, world literature emerged around the turn of the millennium, though thinking about literature with reference to “world,” however defined, can be traced back to at least two hundred years earlier. Focusing on the relationship between the two disciplines, as well as between their respective objects of study, he addresses the lack of scholarly collaboration and sees in globalization both the prevalent condition for and a theme of contemporary literature. this page. Appollinaire
Having existed for most of its recorded history in a bilingual culture that depended on the reading or translation of the cosmopolitan literary Chinese for its survival, the Japanese have long been adept translators. The assumptions of this Anglophone view of “world literature” are reflected in the genres and texts that have been chosen by Anglophone critics and scholars to represent “world literature.” Franco Moretti, for example, in his attempt to draw up a “world literary” map, ends up focusing on such modern European-based themes and genres as the “rise of the novel.”3 In most of Asia, the so-called novel was a minor genre, not even considered serious literature until the 19th century, mostly under the impact of the European novel, while poetry (particularly the lyric), historical writings (chronicles and biographies), and philosophical writing were central. In the medieval and early modern periods, transnational languages such as Latin, Arabic, or literary Chinese served as the language of high culture and technology; in the modern period, “national languages” have taken on that role.
Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on Today, when Japanese and Chinese tourists and businesspeople converse with one another, they do so in English.
2. Traditionally, writing in East Asia has been an aesthetic phenomenon that gives equal weight to the imagistic and textual dimensions of writing. In my view, it should be stressed that Japan itself became a major imperial power in the first half of the 20th century, closely resembling other imperial powers such as Great Britain, France, and the United States. 18.
The urgent need to acknowledge and validate occluded regions of the non-Western world as unique literary and historical spaces that contribute to the whole has necessitated an altogether different framework for theorizing concepts such as language, nation, and masterpieces.
World literature can really be anything from another culture, but it is usually used to refer to Eastern and/or Global Southern literature. The Japanese had access to printing technology as early as the 8th century and used moveable type by the late 16th century, but they chose to remain with xylography (engravings on wood), largely to accommodate this polyphonic writing and to enhance the aesthetic dimension of the book. Wide Sargasso Sea (Jean Rhys), A Day in the Life of a Secondary School Teacher, What Does It Take to Become a Veterinarian, Why Studying Fashion Design as a Degree is Important, Introduction to World Literature Course Outline 2020.
Compare and contrast writing styles and generic forms from different periods and cultures; 4. Woodblock printing enabled the free combination of text and picture at low cost, spurring genres such as the modern manga, a sophisticated comic book genre that is a major part of Japanese popular culture today. The renewed interest in world literature around 2000, however, has resulted in monographs that can serve also or primarily as general overviews of world literature.
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