This remains an open topic for research, whether the Soviet intelligence was able to obtain any specific data on Teller-Ulam design in 1953 or early 1954. This classical design operated on the radiation-implosion principle that had been explored earlier in 1946. [15]:63[17]:200, After a strong lobbying of Russian scientists, the Soviet government initially set up a commission that was to address the "uranium problem" and investigate the possibility of chain reaction and isotope separation.
However, because the development of fission bombs turned out to be more difficult than expected, their development required and received the full attention of the Laboratory. According to President Dwight D. Eisenhower in a speech made a year after the IVY tests, the United States possessed an atomic bomb "25 times" the size of the ones used in Japan, meaning 500 kilotons. [50] This is equivalent to ten times the amount of all the explosives used in World War II combined. The King Shot confirmed these ideas by producing an explosion yielding nearly half a megaton of TNT. For historians, there’s the rub. [25]:2–5 From then on, the work on the program was carried out quickly, resulting in the first nuclear reactor near Moscow on 25 October 1946. by Martin Mccauley, The American counterpart to this idea was Edward Teller's Alarm Clock design of August 1946. Once the actual cross-section become known to Ginzburg and Sakharov, the Sloika design become a priority, which resulted in a successful test in 1953. The Soviet nuclear program that developed the atomic and hydrogen bomb during the early 1950s would continue to expand and accelerate during the Cold War. In January 1950, President Truman made the controversial decision to continue and intensify research and production of thermonuclear weapons.
:44[12], From the 1920s until the late 1930s, Russian physicists had been conducting joint research with their European counterparts on the advancement of atomic physics at the Cavendish Laboratory run by a New Zealander physicist, Ernest Rutherford, where Georgi Gamov and Pyotr Kapitsa had studied and researched. Part I of the report dealt mainly with all pertinent questions other than those directly involving the hydrogen bomb. This incident pushed the danger of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons clearly into the public mind. Contemporary efforts to manage radioactive contamination in the former Soviet Union are few and far between. The purpose of the experiment, nicknamed the "George" shot, was to demonstrate, as a minimum, that a thermonuclear reaction could under ideal conditions be made to take place in an experimental device. It was of the multi-staged, radiation implosion thermonuclear design called Sakharov's "Third Idea" in the USSR and the Teller–Ulam design in the USA.[49]. RDS-6, the first Soviet test of a hydrogen bomb, took place on August 12, 1953, and was nicknamed Joe 4 by the Americans. The new design idea and the calculations supporting it were presented to a wider group of scientists at a meeting held in Oppenheimer's office at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in June 1951. When the United States in 1952 detonated the world’s first, its destructive force was 700 times as great as that of the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima.
:33[26] However, Molotov proved to be a weak administrator, and the program stagnated. Work on the super-bomb had begun in 1946, three years before the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb. In a speech of March 1954, Georgii Malenkov, chairman of the Council of Ministers, referred to the danger of “a new world war, which with modern weapons means the end of world civilization.” Raising this specter went beyond what Khrushchev and other party leaders were willing to acknowledge publicly, and even though he subsequently reverted to the standard line that nuclear aggression by the United States would lead to the “collapse of the capitalist social system,” Malenkov could not undo the damage to his own political career.
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